COVE-3: A Phase 3, Double-blind, Randomized, Vehicle-controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of YCANTH (VP-102/TO-208) in Subjects With Common Warts (Verruca Vulgaris)

This is a Phase 3, double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled study (Study number VP-CW-302; referred to as COVE-3 [Cantharidin and Occlusion in Verruca Epithelium]) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of YCANTH (VP-102/TO-208) treatment in subjects with common warts.

开始日期2026-06-01

申办/合作机构

Verrica Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

[+5]

NCT07457918

/ Recruiting临床3期

COVE-4: A Phase 3, Open-Label, Long-Term Follow-Up Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of YCANTH (VP-102/TO-208) in Subjects With Common Warts (Verruca Vulgaris)

People who participated in either the COVE-2 or COVE-3 study for common warts, may be eligible to enroll into this Long Term Follow Up (LTFU) study COVE-4. The main question(s) to answer in this LTFU study are:
* To assess the safety of YCANTH (also known as VP-102 in the United Sates or TO-208 in Japan) by assessing concomitant medication use, and adverse events (AEs), including expected local skin reactions (LSRs).
* To evaluate the efficacy of continued skin application of YCANTH (VP-102/TO-208) when applied to each common wart once every 21 days for a maximum of 4 additional treatments.
Participants with eligible common warts present will receive YCANTH (VP-102/TO-208) with an interval of 21 (± 4) days between applications until there is a wart count of zero (ie, completed clearance has been achieved) or a maximum of 4 additional treatments. Participants with complete clearance will attend Observation Visits at intervals of 42 (± 4) days without treatment. Participants who develop a new wart after having a wart count of zero will resume Treatment Visits every 21 (± 4) days for a maximum of 4 additional treatments. All subjects will attend visits until the End-of-Study (EOS) Visit, which is on Day 378 (0/+ 8 days).
If participants still have warts present after 4 additional treatments of YCANTH (VP-102/TO-208) the wart(s) will be discontinued from study and participants will be allowed to seek treatment but should be limited to destructive therapy such as cryosurgery and warts cannot be within 10 mm of any warts that receive(d) study drug treatment . The exact interval of Treatment Visits will be determined by evaluation of the treatment site, taking into account any ongoing local skin reactions (LSRs), which are defined as temporary application site:
vesiculation, pain, pruritus, scabbing, erythema, discoloration, dryness, edema and erosion that is expected and consistent with historical treatment with YCANTH (VP-102/TO-208). Participants may receive treatment until all treatable common warts are clear, up to a maximum of 4 treatment sessions, or until Day 357, whichever occurs first.
Treatment:
For participants with warts present at the time of study entry, the first treatment application may occur on the same day as transition from the parent study. All required parent study assessments must be complete, including the final evaluation of response to treatment (ERT; as defined in Assessments and procedures).
In addition, eligibility for participation in the LTFU study must have been determined, and informed consent/assent for participation in this LTFU study obtained. YCANTH (VP-102/TO-208) will be applied by the Investigator or qualified member of the research team to treatable common warts, including an approximate 1 to 2 mm margin of healthy, surrounding skin. After YCANTH (VP-102/TO- 208) is applied, warts are to be covered with occlusive tape (occlusive tape with similar properties should be used across all clinical sites) that will remain in place overnight and should be removed 24 hours after application of study drug and just before a 24-hour ERT. Before application of study drug, wart paring, if necessary, will be completed with a sharp surgical instrument (eg, scalpel or flexible medical blade) to remove any adherent thick scale from a treatable common wart. Wart paring is required to be performed at any treatment visit when adherent thick scale is present, and the Investigator feels paring can be safely performed. Paring should be conducted by a trained practitioner and in compliance with any local regulations and should be discontinued if it results in punctate bleeding or significant pain. Not all treatable common warts may require paring. If adherent scale is not present, study drug can be applied without paring. The assessment for complete clearance may be made once all treatable common warts are evaluable and not obscured by an ongoing LSR. If the Investigator is unable to evaluate or treat 1 or more warts due to ongoing LSRs, no warts should be treated, and the visit will be documented as an Unscheduled Visit. The timing of the next treatment visit will be determined by resolution of the LSRs. The research team will be in contact with the Participant until all LSRs are resolved. Once LSRs have resolved, a Treatment Visit will be scheduled within 21 (± 4) days of the previous treatment application, noting it may be longer than 21 (± 4) days depending on the length of time until LSR resolution. All treatable common warts that are not completely clear should undergo treatment with study drug. Study duration from Days 84, 105, or 147 of the parent study (COVE-2 or COVE-3) through the final EOS visit of this LTFU study (Day 378) is approximately 294 days.

开始日期2026-03-11

申办/合作机构

Verrica Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

[+5]

NCT07246590

/ Recruiting临床3期

COVE-2: A Phase 3, Double-blind, Randomized, Vehicle-controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of YCANTH (VP-102) in Subjects With Common Warts (Verruca Vulgaris)

This is a Phase 3, double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled study (Study number VP-CW-301; referred to as COVE-2 [Cantharidin and Occlusion in Verruca Epithelium]) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of YCANTH (VP-102) treatment in subjects with common warts.

开始日期2025-12-17

申办/合作机构

Verrica Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

[+4]

100 项与斑蝥素相关的临床结果

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100 项与斑蝥素相关的转化医学

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100 项与斑蝥素相关的专利（医药）

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1,147

项与斑蝥素相关的文献（医药）

2026-07-01·ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY

CYP2C19 as a key enzyme in the metabolism of cantharidin in Huh-7 cells and mice

Article

作者: Liu, Yijia ; Zhang, Jie ; Ma, Jinghong ; Wang, Qing K ; Liu, Liang ; Song, Kaiyin ; Zhou, Xiaowei ; Yao, Yufeng ; Lyu, Feng ; Tian, Tongtong ; Wu, Yifan

Cantharidin (CTD), a traditional Chinese medicinal with a long history of use, exhibits broad-spectrum antitumor properties. However, its clinical application is severely limited by its inherent toxicity. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are major phase I drug-metabolizing enzymes in clinical settings. To date, however, no enzymes responsible for the metabolism of CTD have been reported yet. In this study, specific CYP450 isoforms involved in CTD metabolism were identified and validated. We first performed in vitro experiments using Huh-7 cells to screen for enzymes capable of metabolizing CTD. Subsequent in vivo studies were conducted by tail vein injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV8-CYP2C19) to achieve CYP2C19 overexpression in mice. Mice were then administered CTD (1.5 mg/kg) by gavage, and survival was monitored. Cardiac injury was evaluated using Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining, while cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. Myocardial apoptosis was examined by TUNEL staining and Western blotting. The expression levels of genes encoding related enzymes were measured by Real-Time quantitative PCR. GC-MS was employed to quantify CTD concentrations in cell culture medium, mouse blood, and mouse liver tissues. Additionally, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was performed on human samples. Our in vitro results identified CYP2C19 as a key enzyme involved in CTD metabolism. Consistent with this, AAV8-CYP2C19‑mediated overexpression in mice significantly accelerated CTD metabolism. CTD administration induced cardiac dysfunction, particularly within 6 h of gavage, as evidenced by a rapid decline in cardiac output. Histological analysis revealed myocardial damage characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fiber deposition. TUNEL staining and Western blotting further confirmed increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis following CTD exposure. GC-MS analysis demonstrated reduced CTD concentrations in the blood and liver of AAV8‑CYP2C19‑treated mice, which corresponded to alleviated myocardial injury in the AAV8-CYP2C19 + CTD group. In human samples, liver samples from patients who died of CTD-induced toxicity were found to carry the CYP2C19*2 SNP, a variant associated with the slow-metabolizer phenotype. Collectively, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that CTD is metabolized by CYP2C19. These results suggest that genetic testing for CYP2C19 polymorphisms could be performed prior to CTD-based cancer therapy, thereby facilitating precision medicine approaches that minimize toxicity and improve therapeutic efficacy.

2026-07-01·HISTOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY

Cantharidic acid causes mitochondrial dysfunction via the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway to inhibit colorectal cancer progression.

Article

作者: Li, Yin ; Zhang, Dongyun ; Dai, Shulin ; Wei, Yan ; Huang, Wei ; Zhang, Ting ; Niu, Mingliao ; Wang, Xiaoyu

BACKGROUND:

Cantharidic acid (CA) is a cantharidin analog and has antitumor effects. This study aimed to investigate the antitumor activity of CA against colorectal cancer (CRC) and the underlying mechanisms of this activity.

METHODS:

The impact of CA on the viability of the normal FHC cell line was evaluated by the CCK-8 assay. The malignant behavior of CRC cells was determined using the CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, Transwell assay, and an LDH commercial kit. The surviving and apoptotic cell numbers were examined via flow cytometry and calcein-AM/PI staining. The ultrastructure of the mitochondria was observed, and the concentration of mtDNA was detected via RT-qPCR. A subcutaneous xenograft tumor model in nude mice was established, and pathological staining was used to assess apoptosis and changes in protein expression. Western blotting was used to evaluate the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) pathway-related proteins and mitochondrial damage-related proteins.

RESULTS:

CA did not significantly affect FHC viability but was able to reduce CRC cell viability, decrease colony-forming ability, inhibit migration and invasion, and induce apoptosis. CA treatment disrupted mitochondrial morphology and structure and caused a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production, and mtDNA concentration. Treatment with Mito-TEMPO (a mitochondrion-targeted antioxidant) reversed the effects of CA treatment on the above metrics. Furthermore, CA blocked the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway, whereas the Nrf2 agonist TBHQ alleviated CA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. CA treatment decreased the volume and mass of tumor tissue, inhibited cell proliferation, and promoted apoptosis. Notably, CA also led to mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo, which was effectively mitigated by TBHQ.

CONCLUSION:

CA blocks the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway, causing mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, and thus inhibits the malignant progression of CRC. CA has potential as a therapeutic agent for CRC.

2026-05-20·BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

Compounds identified by screening that inhibit the activity of transcription factor FOXO1/3a suppress dexamethasone-induced atrogin1 expression in C2C12 myoblasts

Article

作者: Oyabu, Mamoru ; Yamamoto, Arisa ; Kamei, Yasutomi ; Onishi, Takumi ; Sakaue, Manato

Abstract:

Using a reporter assay system we screened a library of 472 compounds, and identified 1,25(OH)2D3, all-trans-retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid, 13-cis-retinoic acid, 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, cantharidin, and magnolol that inhibit FOXO1/3a activity. These compounds suppressed the increase in Atrogin1 gene expression induced by dexamethasone in C2C12 myoblasts. Therefore, these compounds may prevent muscle atrophy by inhibiting FOXO1/3a activity.

152

项与斑蝥素相关的新闻（医药）

2026-07-21

·BioSpace

Verrica Pharmaceuticals and Medomie Pharma Enter into Exclusive Distribution, Marketing and Supply Agreement to Commercialize YCANTH® for the Treatment of Molluscum Contagiosum in Israel

WEST CHESTER, Pa., July 21, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Verrica Pharmaceuticals Inc. (“Verrica”) (Nasdaq: VRCA), a therapeutics company developing and commercializing medications for the treatment of dermatological diseases, including skin cancers, today announced an exclusive distribution, marketing and supply agreement (“the Agreement”) granting Medomie Pharma Ltd. (“Medomie”) rights to seek regulatory approval for and distribute YCANTH ® for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum (“molluscum”) in Israel. “We are pleased to partner with Medomie to make YCANTH available in Israel so that more patients have access to treatment for molluscum,” said Jayson Rieger, PhD, MBA, President and Chief Executive Officer of Verrica. “Medomie is a pharmaceutical company focused on providing access to and commercializing innovative treatments, and improving health and quality of life of patients in Israel. We look forward to working with them as we seek to establish YCANTH as the standard of care for molluscum in Israel. Verrica maintains exclusive global rights to YCANTH for all indications outside of Japan and Israel, and we will continue our work to bring YCANTH to patients with molluscum around the world,” Dr. Rieger continued. Under the terms of the Agreement, Verrica has granted Medomie an exclusive right to obtain and maintain marketing authorizations for YCANTH in Israel. Verrica will manufacture YCANTH and provide commercial supply to Medomie and will receive 60% of the net selling price of product sold by Medomie in Israel. Verrica is also eligible to receive up to $8.2 million in total regulatory and commercial milestones. About YCANTH ® (VP-102) YCANTH ® is a proprietary drug-device combination product that contains a GMP-controlled formulation of cantharidin delivered via a single-use applicator that allows for precise topical dosing and targeted administration for the treatment of molluscum. YCANTH is the first and only healthcare professional-administered product approved by the FDA to treat adult and pediatric patients two years of age and older with molluscum contagiosum — a common, highly contagious skin disease that affects an estimated six million people in the United States, primarily children. Approval of YCANTH in the US was based upon the positive results from two Phase 3 clinical trials in approximately 500 patients which demonstrated that YCANTH was a safe and effective therapeutic for the treatment of molluscum. Approximately 250 million lives are eligible to receive YCANTH covered by insurance. Commercially insured patients pay just $25 per YCANTH treatment visit, for up to two applicators. Other uninsured patients may be eligible to receive YCANTH at a reduced cost if certain eligibility requirements are met for patient assistance. Please visit YCANTHPro.com for additional information. ezstandalone.cmd.push(function () { ezstandalone.showAds(131); }); YCANTH is now approved for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum in Japan based upon an additional Phase 3 trial of approximately 300 patients. YCANTH is also now being studied in a global phase 3 program in the US and Japan for use in the treatment of common warts. About Verrica Pharmaceuticals Inc. Verrica is a therapeutics company developing and commercializing medications for the treatment of dermatological diseases, including skin cancers. Verrica’s product YCANTH ® (VP-102) (cantharidin), is the first and only healthcare professional-administered treatment approved by the FDA to treat adult and pediatric patients two years of age and older with molluscum contagiosum, a highly contagious viral skin infection affecting approximately 6 million people in the United States, primarily children. YCANTH ® (VP-102) is also in development to treat common warts, the largest remaining unmet need in medical dermatology. Verrica has also entered a worldwide license agreement with Lytix Biopharma AS to develop and commercialize VP-315 (ruxotemitide, formerly known as LTX-315 and VP-LTX-315) for non-melanoma skin cancers including basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. For more information, visit . Forward-Looking Statements Any statements contained in this press release that do not describe historical facts may constitute forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by words such as “believe,” “expect,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “will,” and similar expressions, and are based on Verrica’s current beliefs and expectations. These forward-looking statements include statements about seeking regulatory approval and commercializing YCANTH in Israel, potential future payments pursuant to the Agreement and the clinical development and potential benefits of Verrica’s product candidates, including YCANTH (VP-102) and VP-315. These statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in such statements. Risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially include risks and uncertainties related to market conditions and other risks and uncertainties that are described in Verrica’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, Verrica’s Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other filings Verrica makes with the SEC. Any forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this press release and are based on information available to Verrica as of the date of this release, and Verrica assumes no obligation to, and does not intend to, update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE CONTACT: Investors: John Kirby Interim Chief Financial Officer jkirby@verrica.com Kevin Gardner LifeSci Advisors kgardner@lifesciadvisors.com

2026-07-01

·中华中医药杂志

述评：中医药类器官技术及肿瘤异质性应用研究思路

引用本文彭辉,李子义,金磊,等.中医药类器官技术及肿瘤异质性应用研究思路.中华中医药杂志, 2026,41 (6): 1577-1582 中医药类器官技术及肿瘤异质性应用研究思路彭辉1,2，李子义2，金磊1,2 ，朱承宇2，张万宗2，张琦1,2，黄龙1,2，胡高斌1,2，经文善1,2 ，尤良震3，于庆生1,2 （1安徽中医药大学第一附属医院，合肥 230031；2安徽省中医药科学院中医外科研究所，合肥 230009；3北京中医药大学东直门医院，北京 100700）摘要类器官技术作为一种新型三维培养模型，能够较好地保留来源组织的结构特征、功能状态及肿瘤异质性，在疾病机制研究、药物筛选和个体化治疗中展现出重要价值。近年来，类器官在中医药疗效评价、中药活性成分筛选、个体化治疗及新药研发等方面展现出良好的应用前景。文章就类器官在中医药领域中的应用做一总结，特别分析了有着研究前景的同病异治和肿瘤异质性的关系，并就如何利用类器官研究二者的关系及进行中药筛选展开了思路探讨。【关键词】// 类器官；中医药；现代应用；中医同病异治；肿瘤异质性类器官是干细胞或器官前体细胞的体外培养3D细胞结构，具有分化出多种细胞类型并表现类似器官结构的潜能[1]。2009年，荷兰科学家汉斯·克里夫团队利用小鼠肠道干细胞成功构建出首例小肠类器官[2]，拉开了类器官研究的序幕。随着技术的飞速发展，类器官已经成为生命科学领域全新的体外研究模型。截至目前，利用干细胞已成功构建出包括肺[3]、胃[4]、肠道[5]、胰腺[6]、肾脏[7]、心脏[8]、大脑[9]、输卵管[10] 等在内的多种类器官。与之相应的疾病类器官模型也在众多研究中运用，如胃癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌、胰腺癌等肿瘤类器官模型已经广泛应用于实验研究[11]。相较于传统动物模型和细胞模型，类器官能够精准地模拟疾病发生发展的动态过程并进行实时观测，更加贴近真实组织的多细胞组成，保持组织内微环境，更好地表现出器官功能及与周围环境间的关系，保持良好的个体化特征[12]。作为一种全新的实验模型，类器官不仅为现代医学研究注入了新的生命力，同时也开启了中医药研究领域的崭新篇章，显示出广阔的应用前景。类器官在中医研究中的现代应用中医药以整体观念、辨证论治指导临床实践，具有多途径、多靶点、多通路的作用特点，依赖于传统动物和细胞模型的基础研究具有较大局限性[13]。类器官以客观化、精准化、可视化为特点，应用干细胞技术，在体外构建类似体内的组织器官模型，不仅有效避免了动物模型物种间差异所造成的实验结果偏差，同时弥补了细胞模型缺少整体性和异质性的不足，在药物疗效评价、有效成分筛选、指导个体化治疗和新药研发等方面取得了良好的进展。 1. 中医药疗效评价　类器官的细胞来源于人体，能够更加真实地模拟人体组织器官的组成、结构和功能，更加准确地反映人体内各类生理、病理调控机制。在疾病研究方面，类器官技术极大扩充了疾病模型的种类，填补了传统模型实验研究的缺点，为更加深入研究疾病提供了新机遇。如利用肝脏类器官模拟非酒精性脂肪性肝病识别出潜在药物靶点[14]、利用肝癌类器官揭示肝癌耐药机制[15]、利用肠道类器官解析APC突变基因对肠道干细胞的调控机制[16]等。通过对类器官中的细胞进行基因操控，或直接使用患者的疾病特异性干细胞构建类器官，可以真实模拟组织疾病的特异性特征，从而对中医药疗效进行准确评价。如王璐等[17]通过构建结直肠癌类器官模型（colorectal cancer organoids，CCOs），以临床一线用药奥沙利铂作为阳性对照，评价雷公藤甲素、斑蝥素与蟾毒灵对类器官活性的影响，结果表明4种药物对CCOs均有生长抑制作用，且呈明显的剂量依赖性，证实了类器官模型可维持高度异质性与基因型稳定性，充分体现个体差异以及对不同药物的敏感性。王爱萍等[18]应用小肠类器官对健脾方药四君子汤多糖提取物、黄芪甲苷进行了研究，发现四君子汤多糖提取物干预后小肠类器官出芽数明显高于对照组，黄芪甲苷干预后的小肠类器官Ki-67表达明显增强，提示四君子汤多糖提取物、黄芪甲苷的肠黏膜保护作用可能与其促进隐窝干细胞更新能力密切相关。 2. 中药有效成分筛选　疾病特异性类器官较完整地保留了疾病的特征，同时具有构建周期短、药物敏感性强等特点。这些特性使得利用患者细胞来源的个性化类器官模型成为药物筛选和安全性评价的优良模型。如有研究[19]从未接受治疗的局部晚期直肠癌患者中采集了112份活检组织，建立了96个直肠癌类器官库，采用了其中80个肿瘤类器官株进行了关于放射治疗、5-氟尿嘧啶、伊立替康以及3种方法联合治疗的敏感性研究，结果表明直肠癌类器官对放化疗敏感性与患者临床响应高度相关（敏感性78%，特异性92%、准确性84%）。而中药具有多组分、多靶标的特点，如何能够快速对药物进行有效筛选始终是中药学研究的瓶颈问题。类器官具有整体性、异质性，为中药的筛选和安全性评价提供了新思路。谷舒怡等[20]成功构建了基于3D类器官的肾毒性评价方法，并将其应用于中药单体商陆皂苷甲的肾毒性评价，发现基于3D类器官进行药物肾毒性评价不仅可减少受试物用量，利于早期对化合物潜在肾毒性进行深入评价，更能快速反映药物对肾脏毒性作用的具体部位，并可以在短期内完成对目标化合物肾毒性机制研究，缩短研究周期。韩毅[21]基于肺癌类器官平台对抗癌中药先导化合物进行筛选，成功得到了具有良好抗肿瘤活性的龙葵提取物澳洲茄边碱，为其进一步的作用机制研究奠定了基础。 3. 指导个体化治疗　辨证施治理论是中医的核心思想，其强调根据患者的体质和病情特点来制定治疗方案。随着中医现代化发展，为了更精准地实现个体化治疗，类器官被引入到中医实践中。3D培养的类器官因其来源的广泛性和独特性，可以用于检测药物敏感性、疗效和预后相关的评价和预测，从而能够对中药组方进行评价、反馈和优化，是患者进行个体化精准医疗的最佳模型，尤其是癌症的个体化治疗领域。有研究[22]对769例癌症患者中的56个体外培养的三维类器官（patient-derived organoids，PDO）和19个与其对应的体内移植的肿瘤模型（patient-derived xenograft，PDX）进行了比较，结果显示PDO和PDX均表现了原发肿瘤的组织病理学特征，包括在人类大肠癌和胰腺导管腺癌中观察到的细胞增殖增加和管腔形成。这些发现表明，PDO能够捕获原发肿瘤的基因型和表型特征，为类器官在癌症的个体化治疗中的应用提供了有力的证据。此外，一项关于转移性胃肠道肿瘤类器官用于药物敏感性测试研究的报道[23]，比对分析了21例临床患者与其相应PDO对一系列靶向及化学治疗药物敏感性差异，结果表明两者具有很强的一致性，证实了类器官可以准确地预测药物疗效进而指导用药。类器官的构建，满足了中药复方及其拆方、中药单体成分及多成分复合物的高通量筛选和评价要求，为中医药组方优化提供了客观化证据，在中医个体化治疗方面具有重大的现实意义和应用前景。 4. 应用拓展与新药研发　随着技术的不断进步，类器官被逐渐应用于新药研发的多个环节，如靶点发现、高通量筛选、安全性评价、药代动力学研究等。类器官避免了动物实验与人体的差异性，能够更加准确地预测药物在人体内的有效性和毒性，同时显著缩短了临床前试验与临床试验周期，降低了开发成本与风险。此外，临床试验的伦理问题也得到了缓解。如有研究[24]通过建立多囊肾病类器官构建平台，实现了囊肿形成抑制化合物的高通量筛选。因此，利用类器官模型进行天然药物筛选评价，为开发更多有效、安全的中药提供条件。屠鹏飞教授团队创建了单细胞、单器官、多器官三个维度的类器官芯片平台，并将在此基础上建立的病生理模型应用于抗炎镇痛、心血管、抗肺纤维化、抗肿瘤的中药活性成分的发现和机制研究中[25]。其从中药复方保元汤、三七-红花有效组分等发现2个活性单体和1个活性组合物并得到体内药效学验证。癌症药物开发也一直是生物医药行业备受关注的焦点，陈曦[26]用基质胶包被并浸润培养液培养的方法成功构建了与原组织在组织和细胞层面鉴定结果基本一致的卵巢癌类器官，进而从山豆根提取物中筛选出有效馏分Sdgf E、Sdgf F和Adgs A，从Sdgf F中分离鉴定出具有抗卵巢癌的新型活性单体C并对其进行了机制验证，为卵巢癌新药研发提供了思路。类器官技术与中医药肿瘤异质性研究 1. 中医同病异治和肿瘤异质性的关系　肿瘤异质性及其动态演进带来的复杂性是现今制约肿瘤药物治疗的核心问题，也是目前癌症诊疗向个体化、精准化方向推进的根本原因[27-30]。另外，中医同病异治是中医辨证论治的精髓，早在《素问·五常政大论》中就有记载：“西北之气散而寒之，东南之气收而温之，所谓同病异治也。故曰：气寒气凉，治以寒凉，行水渍之。气温气热，治以温热，强其内收”，其含义是指同一疾病因时、因地、因人不同，或由于病情进展程度、病机变化，以及用药过程中正邪消长等差异，治疗上应采取相应治法。从中也可以领悟，对恶性肿瘤，中医同病异治和针对其异质性实施精准治疗，有异曲同工之妙；或者说中医同病异治的理念与现代医学对肿瘤异质性和动态演进特点的认知完全契合。令人遗憾的是，中医同病异治诊治肿瘤至今仍停留在传统的望闻问切辨证阶段，严重制约了针对恶性肿瘤的精准和循证诊治。肿瘤异质性强调同一类型肿瘤在不同患者之间，甚至同一患者不同病灶之间，在基因组、表型、细胞组成及功能等方面存在显著差异。而中医“同病异治”则强调同一疾病因个体体质、病机变化、病程阶段及地域时令等不同而采取差异化治疗方案。二者均体现了疾病发生发展及治疗反应中的个体差异性，强调精准化、个体化治疗理念。因此，中医“同病异治”理念与现代医学关于肿瘤异质性的认识在本质上具有高度契合性。当前，中医肿瘤辨证仍主要依赖传统望闻问切，缺乏客观化和分子机制层面的支撑。深入研究肿瘤异质性与中医“同病异治”的关系，有助于揭示不同中医证候的科学内涵，为中医精准诊疗及个体化治疗提供新的理论依据。 2. 类器官在中医同病异治研究中的价值　中医同病异治是辨证论治思想的集中体现，而中医证候分型则是这一理论的基础。相关研究[31]表明，肿瘤的中医证候分布各异。在这一背景下，类器官的价值日益凸显，成为现代生物医学与中医药研究的重要交叉领域。类器官模型由干细胞或患者来源的细胞在三维培养系统中形成，能够模拟体内器官的复杂结构和功能特性，有研究指出，类器官不仅能在体外重现人体器官的微环境，还能高度还原疾病发生与发展的动态过程，为中医药研究提供前所未有的实验平台。例如，肝类器官模型使研究人员能够深入探讨中药对肝细胞增殖、凋亡及炎症反应的调控作用，揭示如丹参、茵陈等传统药物在改善肝纤维化和脂肪肝等疾病中的分子机制[32]。同时，类肺器官模型不仅促进了中医药对肺脏疾病的治疗机制的理解，还通过多药物筛选验证了中药在慢性阻塞性肺疾病中的个体化治疗潜力，为中医精准医学实践奠定基础[33]。类心脏器官模型为中药治疗心血管疾病提供了实验平台，表明三七、红景天等中药具备抗缺血、抗氧化及促进心肌细胞再生的作用[34]。更重要的是，类器官模型可用于研究多种疾病的共性病理机制，如肿瘤、感染性疾病及代谢紊乱，从而验证中医同病异治理念的有效性。这些模型不仅阐明中医药复杂的药效机制，还可高效进行药物筛选和毒性评估，为中医药现代化提供有力依据，推动中西医结合在临床中的应用。类器官模型的广泛应用，为中医同病异治理论提供了现代科学验证，也为中医药在精准医学、个体化治疗及新药研发中开辟了新的思路。分子层面的研究为传统中医同病异治提供了现代理论支撑，但基于传统细胞或动物模型的研究往往缺乏强个性化依据。类器官模型的产生与发展使得器官的形态与功能能够在显微镜下同时观察，在精准评价中药药效、明确药效作用靶标及揭示中药复方作用机制方面具备无可比拟的优势，对于指导中医同病异治和提升精准医疗水平具有重要的战略意义。 3. 类器官在研究中医同病异治与肿瘤异质性关系中的意义　现代医学对于肿瘤的基础研究注重于肿瘤异质性及其动态演进，将肿瘤及其微环境作为整体进行研究，重视研究整体调控网络和相应机理[35-38]。而肿瘤的中医研究集中于中医药现代医学机制阐释[39-41]。关于肿瘤的中西医治疗朝着精准化和个体化方向进展。肿瘤的异质性和动态演进是传统中医和现代医学在恶性肿瘤诊疗中共同面临着的核心问题。中医药研究现行的细胞研究或动物模型研究，难以和临床中医证候辨证论治思想及现代医学的肿瘤异质性相统一。“中医同病异治”理论缺乏现代分子机制解释，临床肿瘤患者个体化治疗方案的制定缺乏科学指导，中医证候缺乏客观化标准。如何阐明“中医同病异治”的分子机理，如何推动中医证候诊断的标准化，如何构建全新的中医药研究平台，这些都亟需寻求一种新的肿瘤研究方式。类器官的发展为研究中医同病异治和肿瘤异质性提供了一柄利器。首先，肿瘤类器官模型最大程度保存肿瘤微环境的特征，包括细胞和组织之间的相互作用，以及细胞和基质之间的交互作用。这种更接近真实肿瘤组织的结构有助于更准确地研究肿瘤的生物学特性和治疗反应。其次，肿瘤类器官模型中可以包含多种细胞类型，如肿瘤细胞、免疫细胞、内皮细胞等，更加贴近真实肿瘤组织的多细胞组成，有助于研究肿瘤的多维度特征。最后，肿瘤类器官模型可以模拟肿瘤组织的功能，包括代谢、分泌和转化等生物过程，为临床个性化治疗策略的制定和优化提供更可靠的依据。因此，基于肿瘤类器官模型进行肿瘤发生机制研究、临床药效评价和作用机制探索、临床个性化用药方案制定更具准确性，可以真正实现肿瘤的精准化和个体化治疗。有研究[42]利用转录组学、基因组学和单细胞测序技术比较了结直肠癌患者原发灶和肝转移灶PDO，发现转移灶肿瘤较好地保留了相应原发肿瘤的驱动基因突变特征，另外也产生一些新的突变图谱，这些突变是否驱动肿瘤发生转移有待进一步研究。有研究[43]将PDO高通量药物筛选技术和CRISPR/Cas9技术结合，在胃癌PDO中寻找基因组改变与药物敏感性之间的关联。研究发现在人正常胃组织PDO中敲除TP53和ARID1A，转录因子（forkhead box protein M1, FOXM1）及下游参与细胞增殖调控的基因会显著上调，进而促进胃癌的发生。高通量药物筛选发现FOXM1下游靶标BIRC5/Survivin的抑制剂YM-155能显著抑制TP53/ARID1A双敲除胃癌PDO的增殖存活。通过构建不同中医证候的肿瘤类器官模型，能够保留肿瘤组织的形态特征和基因组学特征，真实还原肿瘤的异质性，进而对相关的证候分子进行研究分析，进一步探讨肿瘤异质性与中医同病异治之间的关系。利用类器官研究中医同病异治和肿瘤异质性的关系及中药筛选肿瘤类器官模型是肿瘤学研究中可靠的体外模型。临床选择满足研究需要的原发性肿瘤患者，收集患者肿瘤资料（包括病理类型、组织分化程度、肿瘤侵犯部位及治疗情况等）和中医四诊信息。在患者知情同意下选取部分肿瘤组织构建肿瘤类器官模型。对建模成功的类器官模型进行多维度分析，运用组织切片、免疫组化、基因测序等技术综合分析肿瘤的细胞类型分布、蛋白表达和基因变异等特征，评估和描述肿瘤类器官的异质性。同时，对收集到的中医四诊信息进行辨证分型，结合中医理论和专家意见，提取与肿瘤类器官相关的中医证候特征，并对其进行标准化处理。将中医证候信息与肿瘤类器官的评估数据进行整合，建立相应的数据库或数据模型，利用统计学方法、人工智能等技术手段，对肿瘤类器官和中医证候进行相关性分析、模型预测等处理，分析肿瘤类器官的异质性与中医证候之间的关系。根据数据分析的结果，解释肿瘤异质性与中医同病异治思想的关系。最后将结果进行临床验证，并根据实验的实际需要对方案设计进行调整和优化。具体思路展示如图1。图1　基于肿瘤类器官探讨肿瘤异质性与中医同病异治关系思路传统药物筛选模型无法从整体上评估中药的多靶点和多组分的作用模式，如何能够快速对药物进行有效筛选始终是中药学研究的瓶颈问题。尤其在中药毒性物质筛选及中药安全性评价方面，现有动物模型和细胞系并不能准确预测中药在人体的不良反应，致使进行中药研究所投入的时间和精力远超于化学药物研究[44]。类器官立体地模拟了人体真实组织的特性，其优势在药物筛选中同样得到充分的体现，类器官高通量药物筛选能够同时处理多个样品，快速评估药物的效果，大大提高筛选效率，同时，其对真实器官优秀的模拟性也大大提高了评估结果的准确性。通过建立肿瘤类器官标本库，以标本库为基础进行天然中药化合物的高通量筛选，对药物的活性和毒性进行测定和评估，筛选出具备良好抗癌潜质的中药化合物。通过肿瘤细胞系和动物模型对该部分化合物的效应和安全性进行进一步验证，确认某种化合物在肿瘤临床治疗中的潜在应用价值。小结类器官研究领域的飞速发展给中医药基础与临床研究带来诸多机遇。特别通过构建肿瘤类器官并评估肿瘤异质性，结合患者中医证候数据信息，可以全面深入探讨肿瘤异质性与中医同病异治之间的关系。这一研究策略目前在国内外尚未见文献报道，也未见具体的现行实施方案。这将有助于进一步研究肿瘤的发展机制，为中医治疗肿瘤提供更加有力的支撑，为肿瘤的中医精准化、个体化治疗提供更多样的治疗策略。但是，我们同样面临着诸多挑战。在技术环节，现有类器官模型对组织器官的模拟水平整体来看仍然比较初步，在细胞组成、结构和功能上都没有实现完整的模拟，尤其是类器官中神经、血管、免疫系统及微环境的建立仍然存在大量瓶颈问题有待突破[45]。在应用环节，如何保证现有类器官模型的可重复性和一致性是最关键的瓶颈问题，目前还没有建立起一个标准化类器官构建技术体系，不同实验室构建的类器官模型间都会存在很大差异，这种差异意味着在应用中将带来极大误差和风险[46]。同时，在多类器官联合体系的建立中，不同类器官之间的关联模式和协同培养方法也有待探索。此外，在肿瘤异质性与中医证候的关系验证中需要大量的数据资料，数据的收集、整理与筛选工作量巨大。如何将类器官应用于中医药的研究和临床转化中，仍需大量的探索与实践。总之，挑战与机遇共存，类器官技术在中医研究中展现出广阔的应用前景，中医药在世界科技发展的驱动下，也定会实现新的突破。参考文献（在框内滑动手指即可浏览） 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2026-06-22

·BioSpace

Verrica Pharmaceuticals Announces First U.S. Patient Dosed in the Second Pivotal Clinical Trial (COVE-3) of its Phase 3 Program Evaluating YCANTH® (VP-102) for the Treatment of Common Warts

– Development Partner Torii Pharmaceutical also recently announced dosing of the first Japanese patient in this trial evaluating YCANTH (TO-208) in Japan – – Verrica maintains ownership of global rights to YCANTH for all indications in all territories outside of Japan, including common warts – WEST CHESTER, Pa., June 22, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Verrica Pharmaceuticals Inc. (“Verrica”) (Nasdaq: VRCA), a therapeutics company developing and commercializing medications for the treatment of dermatological diseases, including skin cancers, today announced that the first U.S. patient was dosed in the second clinical trial (COVE-3) in its global Phase 3 program evaluating YCANTH ® (VP-102) for the treatment of common warts. Verrica’s Japanese development partner, Torii Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (“Torii”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Shionogi & Co., Ltd., announced that the first Japanese patient in the COVE-3 study was dosed last week. “We are excited to get the COVE-3 clinical trial started with the enrollment of our first patient in the U.S. and would like to congratulate our development partner, Torii Pharmaceutical, for also reaching this important and exciting clinical milestone for YCANTH in Japan,” said Jayson Rieger, PhD, MBA, President and Chief Executive Officer of Verrica. “Throughout our joint efforts to develop YCANTH for the global markets, Torii has served as an outstanding and supportive development partner, and the advancement of YCANTH into both of the planned pivotal Phase 3 studies reflects our companies’ steadfast commitment to address a significant unmet need for the millions of individuals, including an estimated 22 million people in the U.S. alone, impacted by common warts each year. If approved, YCANTH would be the first approved therapy for common warts in the U.S.” “As we reported last month, we have achieved over 50% of the current targeted enrollment in the first trial in this Phase 3 program (COVE-2) in the U.S. and have also been enrolling U.S. patients in the long-term follow-up study (COVE-4),” Dr. Rieger continued. The Phase 3 program has been designed to include two double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of VP-102/TO-208 when applied once every 21 days for a total of up to four applications in patients aged 2+ years with common warts. The COVE-2 study is enrolling patients in the U.S. only and the COVE-3 study is enrolling patients in the U.S. and Japan. Based on the results of the Phase 3 program, Verrica and Torii intend to seek marketing approval in the U.S. and Japan, respectively. COVE-1 Phase 2 Data and Phase 3 Program in Common Warts In January 2026, Verrica announced that the first patient was dosed in the first clinical trial (COVE-2) of the global Phase 3 program evaluating YCANTH ® (VP-102) for the treatment of common warts. The initiation of the global Phase 3 program in common warts was based upon positive results from the Phase 2 COVE-1 clinical trial that evaluated YCANTH (VP-102) for the treatment of common warts. COVE-1 was an open label clinical trial that evaluated the safety and efficacy of VP-102 in two cohorts of subjects with up to six warts. The primary efficacy analysis was conducted at Day 84 with an additional period of follow-up through Day 147. Topline analysis included data from the assessment of warts at study visits over 12 weeks. Results showed that 51% of subjects (18 of 35) treated with VP-102 in Cohort 2 achieved complete clearance of all treatable warts at Day 84. Adverse events were primarily expected local cutaneous reactions with no SAEs observed. Torii will split the costs of the global Phase 3 program with Verrica on a 50/50 basis and will fund the first $40 million of trial costs, representing approximately 90% of the current trial budget, with Verrica’s portion expected to be paid out of future milestones/royalties arising from sales of YCANTH in Japan. Market Opportunity in Common Warts With a prevalence of approximately 22 million patients in the U.S. alone and no FDA approved therapies, common warts represent one of the largest unmet needs in all of dermatology, which Verrica believes could represent a multibillion-dollar commercial opportunity. In the United States, approximately 50% of the patients who seek treatment for common warts are children. If YCANTH is successfully developed, approved and commercialized for the treatment of common warts, Verrica anticipates a high degree of call point overlap and marketing synergies with its promotion of YCANTH for the treatment of molluscum. About YCANTH ® (VP-102) YCANTH ® is a proprietary drug-device combination product that contains a GMP-controlled formulation of cantharidin delivered via a single-use applicator that allows for precise topical dosing and targeted administration for the treatment of molluscum. YCANTH is the first and only healthcare professional-administered product approved by the FDA to treat adult and pediatric patients two years of age and older with molluscum contagiosum — a common, highly contagious skin disease that affects an estimated six million people in the United States, primarily children. Approval of YCANTH was based upon the positive results from two Phase 3 clinical trials in approximately 500 patients which demonstrated that YCANTH was a safe and effective therapeutic for the treatment of molluscum. YCANTH is also approved for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum in Japan and is being studied in a global phase 3 program in the US and Japan for the treatment of common warts. Approximately 250 million lives are eligible to receive YCANTH covered by insurance. Commercially insured patients pay just $25 per YCANTH treatment visit, for up to two applicators. Other uninsured patients may be eligible to receive YCANTH at a reduced cost if certain eligibility requirements are met for patient assistance. Please visit YCANTHPro.com for additional information. About Verrica Pharmaceuticals Inc. Verrica is a therapeutics company developing and commercializing medications for the treatment of dermatological diseases, including skin cancers. Verrica’s product YCANTH ® (VP-102) (cantharidin), is the first and only healthcare professional-administered treatment approved by the FDA to treat adult and pediatric patients two years of age and older with molluscum contagiosum, a highly contagious viral skin infection affecting approximately 6 million people in the United States, primarily children. YCANTH ® (VP-102) is also in development to treat common warts, the largest remaining unmet need in medical dermatology. Verrica has also entered a worldwide license agreement with Lytix Biopharma ASA to develop and commercialize VP-315 (ruxotemitide, formerly known as LTX-315 and VP-LTX-315) for non-melanoma skin cancers including basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. For more information, visit . Forward-Looking Statements Any statements contained in this press release that do not describe historical facts may constitute forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by words such as “believe,” “expect,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “will,” and similar expressions, and are based on Verrica’s current beliefs and expectations. These forward-looking statements include statements about the clinical development and potential benefits of Verrica’s product candidates, including YCANTH (VP-102). These statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in such statements. Risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially include risks and uncertainties related to market conditions, and other risks and uncertainties that are described in Verrica’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 and other filings Verrica makes with the SEC. Any forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this press release and are based on information available to Verrica as of the date of this release, and Verrica assumes no obligation to, and does not intend to, update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE CONTACT: Investors: John Kirby Interim Chief Financial Officer jkirby@verrica.com Kevin Gardner LifeSci Advisors kgardner@lifesciadvisors.com

临床3期临床结果引进/卖出临床2期上市批准

100 项与斑蝥素相关的药物交易

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外链

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D11745	斑蝥素	D11AF	DB12328

研发状态

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适应症	国家/地区	公司	日期
传染性软疣	美国	Verrica Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2023-07-21
尖锐湿疣	中国	海南回元堂药业有限公司	2015-07-10

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适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司	日期
跖疣	临床3期	美国	Verrica Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2025-12-17

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研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


AAD2025	临床3期	传染性软疣	303	TO-208	廠醖膚構鏇齋餘襯艱簾(網遞築築網淵簾夢淵築) = 願壓齋鏇積糧簾觸艱繭窪醖廠膚憲夢糧憲繭願 (壓繭襯積觸艱築鏇夢鏇 ) 更多	积极	2025-03-07
				Placebo	廠醖膚構鏇齋餘襯艱簾(網遞築築網淵簾夢淵築) = 築壓憲獵壓壓淵鹹獵膚窪醖廠膚憲夢糧憲繭願 (壓繭襯積觸艱築鏇夢鏇 ) 更多
GlobeNewswire 人工标引	临床3期	传染性软疣	-	TO-208	築鹽膚遞窪淵獵獵襯構(壓膚衊糧夢顧淵鹹鬱範) = statistically significant versus placebo 網餘繭衊壓觸範齋鑰夢 (鬱齋餘製糧觸鬱淵夢醖 )	积极	2023-12-15
				Placebo
NCT03377803 \| NCT03377790 (FDA) 人工标引	临床3期	传染性软疣	528	YCANTH (Trial 1)	襯鑰積壓觸積選構衊艱(夢網選糧糧窪鹽積選夢) = 繭鏇淵鏇獵襯鹽顧醖窪襯衊鹽範廠願獵獵範製 (蓋鏇願網觸積襯襯築範 ) 更多	积极	2023-07-21
				Vehicle (Trial 1)	襯鑰積壓觸積選構衊艱(夢網選糧糧窪鹽積選夢) = 積構築選顧淵鑰憲顧餘襯衊鹽範廠願獵獵範製 (蓋鏇願網觸積襯襯築範 ) 更多
NCT03377790 (CAMP-1, CTgov)	临床3期	传染性软疣	266	VP-102 - Cantharidin, Topical Film Forming Solution (VP-102)	壓顧顧繭壓餘鹽願網憲 = 鏇範顧襯繭齋艱鏇淵窪鏇憲餘鏇艱觸網獵襯鹽 (願衊壓範蓋襯淵網窪遞, 醖襯製齋築膚願顧願鑰 ~ 夢積製積廠鏇壓膚簾夢) 更多	-	2021-12-14
				Placebo -Topical Film Forming Solution without VP-102 (Placebo)	壓顧顧繭壓餘鹽願網憲 = 獵醖鹽齋積積壓積願積鏇憲餘鏇艱觸網獵襯鹽 (願衊壓範蓋襯淵網窪遞, 齋網構鏇廠糧夢齋築獵 ~ 齋構鹹製蓋廠鬱廠憲鬱) 更多
NCT03377803 (CAMP-2, CTgov)	临床3期	传染性软疣	262	VP-102 - Cantharidin, Topical Film Forming Solution (VP-102)	壓製壓憲製醖襯廠構鹹 = 選糧鑰夢積網觸簾醖範鹽範艱鑰廠鑰鏇窪製鹽 (築窪顧齋築製蓋鬱糧範, 襯獵夢糧齋餘糧鹽醖築 ~ 襯糧蓋願鹽鑰膚網醖願) 更多	-	2021-12-14
				Placebo -Topical Film Forming Solution without VP-102 (Placebo)	壓製壓憲製醖襯廠構鹹 = 鬱繭蓋製衊範鹽膚齋淵鹽範艱鑰廠鑰鏇窪製鹽 (築窪顧齋築製蓋鬱糧範, 顧構鏇繭構鏇鏇艱積積 ~ 餘憲構糧襯繭壓醖艱衊) 更多
NCT03981822 (Pubmed \| Am J Clin Dermatol) 人工标引	临床2期	尖锐湿疣	-	VP-102	網醖廠鹽餘製鏇構簾觸(淵選憲築築簾鏇獵鏇壓) = 繭壓醖衊選糧淵餘鏇衊廠範鑰鹹選壓獵壓網醖 (選膚顧範鬱觸窪製憲襯 ) 更多	积极	2021-11-01
				Placebo	網醖廠鹽餘製鏇構簾觸(淵選憲築築簾鏇獵鏇壓) = 積淵夢膚襯夢廠窪鹽繭廠範鑰鹹選壓獵壓網醖 (選膚顧範鬱觸窪製憲襯 ) 更多
NCT03487549 (COVE-1, Pubmed) 人工标引	临床2期	疣	56	VP-102 (Cohort 1)	淵繭鏇築構夢選選觸觸(網艱蓋積簾選繭鏇網範) = 範鏇窪衊艱顧網窪襯顧繭顧餘鹽糧繭選膚鹽範 (選觸夢齋鑰憲簾網築顧 )	积极	2021-10-01
				VP-102 (Cohort 2)	淵繭鏇築構夢選選觸觸(網艱蓋積簾選繭鏇網範) = 憲鬱鬱顧獵鹽廠糧鹽糧繭顧餘鹽糧繭選膚鹽範 (選觸夢齋鑰憲簾網築顧 )
NCT03981822 (CARE-1, CTgov)	临床2期	尖锐湿疣	105	VP-102 (Part B Pooled With Part A: VP-102 6-hour)	糧遞壓遞願鏇蓋餘鹹憲: P-Value = 0.0048 更多	-	2021-09-22
				Placebo (Part B Pooled With Part A: Placebo 6-hour)
NCT03487549 (COVE-1, CTgov)	临床2期	疣	56	VP-102 (Cohort 1)	鬱鏇網窪夢範選範蓋構 = 齋艱獵夢網築願憲範廠齋襯憲鏇遞淵鏇夢積簾 (廠願糧選憲廠襯顧夢夢, 醖糧餘淵衊顧鹹餘構淵 ~ 醖觸獵網艱顧簾憲淵構) 更多	-	2021-09-01
				VP-102 (VP-102 - Cohort 2)	蓋鑰醖顧憲簾鏇網壓鏇 = 淵願鬱壓簾鏇構糧憲網築鹽醖糧積構築夢鬱鹽 (鏇鹽憲繭觸積窪壓觸廠, 餘壓選夢醖餘構網糧構 ~ 願醖構鹹憲襯齋願齋範) 更多
NCT03186378 (CTgov)	临床2期	传染性软疣	33	VP-102 with applicator (Exposure Group)	鏇夢齋願鹹顧廠鹽積獵 = 膚餘齋鑰艱鹽網夢衊齋齋窪構夢鏇鹹構獵繭鬱 (簾網齋獵壓憲夢選製淵, 顧獵顧齋鹹鬱鏇獵構襯 ~ 衊觸糧積壓顧鏇鏇鹹鏇) 更多	-	2021-08-09
				VP-102 with applicator (Standard Group)	鏇夢齋願鹹顧廠鹽積獵 = 獵顧艱餘衊鹹齋艱窪夢齋窪構夢鏇鹹構獵繭鬱 (簾網齋獵壓憲夢選製淵, 壓夢範網鹽鹹遞壓窪遞 ~ 憲壓構糧鏇觸觸築範鑰) 更多